Provide chains for important minerals like antimony have emerged as hot-button financial and infrastructure coverage points in recent times.
The antimony provide chain particularly has gained appreciable consideration since China launched export controls on its antimony in 2024, banning any exports to the US.
Antimony’s main use is within the manufacturing of fire-retardant supplies, representing roughly 45 p.c of worldwide demand. It may also be discovered within the manufacturing of semiconductors, polymers and all through the protection sector, significantly within the manufacturing of ammunition.
Regardless of its significance, antimony just isn’t sometimes produced as a main product, and is as a substitute largely produced as a byproduct of gold, silver, lead and copper mining in stibnite deposits.
International antimony manufacturing reached 110,000 metric tons in 2025, based on america Geological Survey’s (USGS) 2026 Mineral Commodity Abstract, marking a major decline from 153,000 metric tons simply 5 years earlier.
The vast majority of antimony manufacturing comes from nations in Asia, with China main the way in which when it comes to mining output and complete reserves.
In the meantime, manufacturing from Western nations stays minimal. Issues about Western provide chain safety within the final decade prompted nations just like the United States, Canada and Australia to incorporate antimony as a part of their new important mineral methods.
Whereas manufacturing knowledge was withheld by the USGS, a US antimony mine in Montana entered manufacturing final yr, breaking the nation’s a long time future with out home antimony manufacturing. The nation can be house to Perpetua Assets’ (TSX:PPTA,NASDAQ:PPTA) Stibnite gold-antimony undertaking in Idaho, which has obtained important authorities assist.
Canada’s sole antimony mine, Beaver Brook in Newfoundland and Labrador, has been idled since 2023. Tasks in Canada with a major deal with producing antimony embrace Canagold Assets’ (TSX:CCM,OTCQB:CRCUF) New Polaris undertaking in British Columbia and Antimony Assets’ (CSE:ATMY) Bald Hill undertaking in New Brunswick.
So which nations are the world’s high antimony miners and which nations maintain the highest antimony reserves? The highest seven antimony nations by manufacturing all mined greater than 1,000 metric tons of the important steel in 2025, based on the latest USGS 2026 Mineral Commodity Abstract. Study concerning the nations and their antimony mines beneath.
1. China
Antimony manufacturing: 40,000 metric tons
Antimony reserves: 830,000 metric tons
China is the world’s high producer of antimony, and in 2025, it produced 40,000 metric tons, on par with its output from the earlier yr. The nation’s manufacturing accounted for 36 p.c of worldwide antimony output final yr. Along with being the world’s high producer, China hosts the world’s largest antimony reserves at 830,000 metric tons.
China’s antimony manufacturing ranges steadily decreased for greater than a decade earlier than plateauing during the last a number of years.
In 2012, the nation produced 145,000 metric tons of antimony, with its output accounting for 83 p.c of worldwide manufacturing that yr. By 2018, that had slipped to only below 90,000 metric tons, or 61 p.c, as operations scaled again or closed because of governments implementing stricter environmental requirements, based on the USGS. In 2022, China’s antimony output had fallen to the present degree of simply 40,000 metric tons per yr.
The nation is house to the world’s largest recognized antimony deposit on the Xikuangshan mine in China’s Hunan province. The connected mine is operated by Hsikwangshan Twinkling Star and produces roughly 30,000 metric tons of refined antimony per yr.
In 2024, the Chinese language authorities positioned export restrictions barring antimony shipments to the US. The transfer resulted in quickly rising antimony costs and fears round provide chain safety for Western nations as a result of steel’s position within the protection business.
2. Russia
Antimony manufacturing: 32,000 metric tons
Antimony reserves: 350,000 metric tons
In 2025, Russia produced 32,000 metric tons of antimony, 8,000 metric tons lower than it produced in 2024.
The nation’s output has seen appreciable good points since 2010, when it produced simply 3,000 metric tons of the steel, rising to 30,000 metric tons by 2018. Since then, Russian output has remained within the 30,000 to 40,000 metric ton vary.
The vast majority of Russian antimony manufacturing comes from the Sarylakh-Surma and Sentachan deposits within the Sakha Republic, with GeoProMining being the primary operator.
Different main producers in Russia embrace Novoangarsky Mining on the Udereyskoye deposit in Krasnoyarsk and Polyus at its Olimpiada gold mine, which produces antimony as a by-product.
Like different commodities, Russian antimony has been subjected to sanctions following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022 with restrictions on the steel going to and from the nation. Nonetheless, a number of stories have documented firms working to circumvent sanctions.
By way of reserves, Russia was second solely to China with 350,000 metric tons of antimony.
3. Tajikistan
Antimony manufacturing: 22,000 metric tons
Antimony reserves: 60,000 metric tons
In 2025, Tajikistan accounted for roughly one-fifth of worldwide antimony manufacturing, outputting 22,000 metric tons, on par with the earlier yr.
Like Russia, Tajikistan has seen a substantial rise in antimony manufacturing, rising from simply 2,000 metric tons in 2010 to as excessive as 28,000 metric tons in 2020.
Tajikistan’s antimony reserves complete 60,000 metric tons, based on the USGS. The nation’s antimony deposits are discovered within the Dzheitun and Konchok mineral fields of Tajikistan’s north. Mining from the Dzheitun discipline is carried out on the Anzob mining and processing plant, owned by US-based Comsup Commodities.
Firm Talco Gold is presently establishing a plant with processing capability of 20,000 metric tons of ore per yr, with ensuing antimony produced all deliberate for export markets.
Whereas its output could also be excessive, Tajikistan solely has 60,000 metric tons of confirmed financial antimony reserves.
4. Bolivia
Antimony Manufacturing: 5,000 metric tons
Antimony reserves: 310,000 metric tons
Bolivian antimony manufacturing totaled 5,000 metric tons in 2025. Whereas the nation’s output is considerably decrease than the highest three producing nations on our checklist, Bolivia has the third-largest reserves at 310,000 metric tons.
In recent times, Bolivia has emerged as a key provider of antimony to Western markets as they diversify from Chinese language provide.
In January 2026, United States Antimony (NYSEAMERICAN:UAMY) revealed its involvement in funding and growing a hydrometallurgical antimony processing facility in Bolivia, which expanded manufacturing on the website by 15 instances. Antimony produced on the facility can be shipped to the corporate’s Thompson Falls smelter in Montana, US, with shipments reportedly commencing earlier this yr.
Different rising initiatives in Bolivia embrace CleanTech Vanadium Mining’s (TSXV:CTV,OTCQB:CTVFF) El Triunfo gold-silver-zinc undertaking; the location is potential for antimony, with some drill outcomes exhibiting grades as much as 1 p.c.
5. Myanmar (Burma)
Antimony manufacturing: 4,500 metric tons
Antimony reserves: 140,000 metric tons
In 2025, Myanmar’s antimony manufacturing totaled 4,500 metric tons, the identical as its mine output the earlier yr. Manufacturing peaked in 2019 at 6,000 metric tons, then fell to only 2,200 metric tons in 2020.
Regardless of the nation seeing a coup d’etat and important civil upheaval in 2021, antimony output from Myanmar reached 4,000 metric tons and has since remained comparatively steady within the 4,000 to 4,500 metric ton vary.
Main antimony manufacturing is carried out within the Kayin state on the Byu Mine, operated by the Tha Byu Mining firm.
Moreover, Myanmar sits on appreciable reserves of 140,000 metric tons.
The US authorities refers back to the nation as Burma, which means its mining knowledge in USGS stories could be discovered below that identify.
6. Turkey
Antimony manufacturing: 3,000 metric tons
Antimony reserves: 99,000 metric tons
Turkey’s antimony manufacturing has fluctuated during the last decade. In 2025, the nation produced 3,000 metric tons of antimony, increased than the two,000 metric tons it produced in 2020, however lower than the 4,500 metric tons in 2015.
Roughly one third of the nation’s complete manufacturing comes from the Haliköy mine, owned by Eti Bakir, which outputs round 1,100 metric tons of antimony focus yearly.
One other main Turkish mining firm is Lepoteknik, which operates mines within the Kütahya and Balıkesir provinces, the place it produces antimony ingots and trisulfides. This downstream processing capability permits Turkey to produce antimony steel and chemical compounds to Western nations with out their very own processing infrastructure.
Turkey additionally hosts 99,000 metric tons of reserves.
7. Australia
Antimony manufacturing: 1,300 metric tons
Antimony reserves: 110,000 metric tons
Australia produced 1,300 metric tons of antimony in 2025, a slight uptick from the 1,270 metric tons in 2024. Nonetheless, the nation’s output final yr represents a substantial decline from 2020, when it produced 2,000 metric tons of antimony.
The Authorities of Australia acknowledges the significance of growing home provide chains for important minerals reminiscent of antimony and, in January 2026, introduced a AU$1.2 billion funding to create a important mineral reserve.
In response to a 2019 report from Geoscience Australia, the majority of the nation’s antimony manufacturing is centered on the Costerfield gold-antimony mine in Victoria, which produced 763 metric tons of antimony in 2025. The operation is owned by Alkane Assets (ASX:ALK,TSX:ALK,OTCQX:ALKEF) following its mid-2025 merger with Mandalay Assets.
Given antimony’s connection to gold and Australia’s standing as a high gold nation, it might be anticipated that Australia would produce extra of the important mineral. As Australia holds 110,000 metric tons of antimony reserves, it has loads of room to boost manufacturing.
By way of future progress, Australia is house to a number of exploration and growth initiatives, together with Larvotto Assets’ (ASX:LRV,OTCPL:LRVTF) Hillgrove undertaking. The positioning, situated in New South Wales, hosts a confirmed and possible mineral reserve estimate of 35,800 metric tons of antimony.
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Securities Disclosure: I, Dean Belder, maintain no direct funding curiosity in any firm talked about on this article.
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